The Order was established in Scotland in 1989 and has grown continually since then. Currently the Lieutenancy comprises over 120 Knights and Dames of the Holy Sepulchre. There are both lay and clerical members and they are drawn from all areas of Scotland. The Lieutenancy is headed by a Lieutenant and a Grand Prior, both of whom are appointed by the Cardinal Grand Master in Rome. The Equestrian Order itself has its roots in the First Crusade at the end of the eleventh century when the leader of the Crusade, the French knight Godfrey de Bouillon, liberated the city of Jerusalem and established of the Latin Kingdom and Patriarchate of Jerusalem there. As part of his administrative reforms he established the Order of Canons of the Holy Sepulchre, which included not only religious but also knights with a specific command to defend and protect the Holy Sepulchre and the Holy Places. This practice continued until 1848 when Pope Pius IX re established the Latin Patriarch and at the same time re-organised the Order. The Order’s new constitution placed it directly under papal protection and established its role as supporting the work of the Latin Patriarch, as well as spreading the faith. Pope Pius XII gave the Order a Grand Master from among the Cardinals with the Latin Patriarch as its Grand Prior and this has continued to this day. Today the Order is under the protection of the Holy See and is officially recognised by countries throughout the world.