What causes Kawasaki disease?
Doctors do not yet know exactly what causes Kawasaki disease. It is probably due to a combination of factors.
Some children may be genetically predisposed to the condition, and environmental factors such as infections, and the way a child’s body responds to that infection, could play a part too.
Doctors do know that children under the age of five are most often affected, and it’s more common in boys than girls.
What are the signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease?
The symptoms are suggestive of an infection but the fever tends to last for more than five days. It is not contagious.
Initial signs can include:
- feeling unwell
- fever (high temperature) over 38C
- swollen lymph nodes (glands in the neck)
- rash (especially on the chest)
- palms of the hands and soles of the feet turn bright red, become puffy and the skin can peel
- redness on the insides of the eyelids, lips tongue and inside the mouth.
For some children, the heart can be affected too. Around 28 per cent of children with Kawasaki disease develop problems in the blood vessels in the heart, which may lead to a bulge developing in the wall of a heart blood vessel (coronary aneurysm). This can lead to symptoms like breathlessness and chest pain.
How is Kawasaki disease normally diagnosed?
In most cases, doctors can diagnose Kawasaki disease through the distinctive symptoms.
Children usually need a number of tests to find out whether the condition is affecting other organs of the body, in particular the heart.
How is Kawasaki disease normally treated?
A child with Kawasaki disease is usually treated in hospital with high doses of a strong medication called immunoglobulin given directly into a vein through a drip.
If this is given early enough in the course of the disease, it can reduce the chance of future heart problems.
They are also given aspirin, to be taken by mouth, which reduces the chance of blood clots developing.
